TOI-2431 b orbits a nearby K-type dwarf 117 light-years away, an Earth-sized world with 1.5 × Earth radius and 6.2 Earth masses, yielding high density consistent with iron-rich composition. Its extreme 5.4-hour orbit at 0.0063 AU subjects it to intense irradiation and tidal forces, resulting in equilibrium temperatures around 2063 K and likely molten surfaces. Orbiting near the Roche limit, it faces rapid decay over millions of years. This fiery extreme endures in the Galactic Codex, showcasing the limits of rocky planet survival in scorching proximity to their stars.
